Pre PhD Course Paper I
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING ::
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OBJECTIVE:
The objective of the course is to describe the procedure of satellite data acquisition and analysis.
UNIT I: SATELLITE SYSTEMS AND DATA
Satellite Systems And Data –Acquisition - Storage - Orbits – Data Formats –Data Products –Image Display System- Current Missions.
UNIT II: SENSOR AND DATA MODEL
Sensor Model –Resolutions- Pixel Characters- Image Formation –Univariate & Multi Variable Image Statistics –Spatial Statistics –Geometric And Radiometric Correction- Noise Models.
UNIT III: IMAGE ENHANCEMENTS
Spectral Signatures –Image Characteristics, Feature Space Scatterogram- Point, Local And Regional Operation –Fourier Transform, Scale- Space Transform, Wavelet Transform – Principle Component Analysis- Orthogonal Rotation Transformation
UNIT IV: INFORMATION EXTRACTION
Image Registration And Ortho Rectification, Resampling, Multi-Image Fusion, Classification – Feature Extraction, Training –Supervised, Unsupervised And Hybrid Training, Nonparametric, And Sub-Pixel Classification, Hyper – Spectral Image Analysis.
UNIT V: IMAGE ANALYSIS AND UNDERSTANDING
Pattern Recognition, Boundary Detection And Representation, Textural And Contextual Analysis, Decision Concepts- Fuzzy Sets, Evidential Reasoning, Expert System, Artificial Neural Network, Integration Of Data.
REFERENCES:
1. W.G. Rees - Physical Principles of Remote Sensing, Cambridge University Press, 2nd edition, 2001.
2. Robert Shcowebgerdt , Remote sensing models & methods for image processing, III edition, 2004.
3. Digital Image Processing (3rd Edition) Rafael C. Gonzalez , Richard E. Woods Prentice Hall, 2007.
4. John A.Richards, Springer –Verlag, Remate Sensing Digital Image Analysis 1999.
5. John R. Jensen, Introductory Digital Image Processing: A Remote Sensing Perspective, 2nd Edition, 1995.
Pre PhD Course Paper I
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM APPLICATIONS
OBJECTIVE:
To provide exposure to applications of GIS in various application domains through case studies.
UNIT I: NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS
Forestry: Resource inventory, Forest fire growth modeling – Land: Land use planning, watershed management studies – Water – Identification of ground water recharge – Resource information system – Wetlands Management, Wildlife habitat analysis.
UNIT II: DISASTER MANAGEMENT & FACILITY MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS
Disaster management: Use of GIS in Risk assessment, mitigation, preparedness, Response and recovery phases of Disaster management – Utilities – Water utility applications – Electric utility Application – Telecommunication: Tower spotting, route optimization for meter reading for utilities – Other utilities.
UNIT III: LOCATION BASED SERVICES APPLICATION
Vehicle Tracking: Automatic vehicle location (AVL), Components of AVL: Invehicle equipment, Various communication channels, Web server, Client – Vehicle tracking alarms used in Vehicle tracking, Fleet management – Vehicle navigation – Emergency call: Address geocoding, Distress call application.
UNIT IV: LAND INFORMATION SYSTEM & WEB GIS APPLICATIONS
Land information system (LIS) – Tax mapping – Mobile mapping - Other LIS applications – Web GIS: Architecture of Web GIS, Map server, Web GIS applications.
UNIT V: BUSINESS, HEALTH AND OTHER APPLICATIONS
Business applications: Sitting a new facility, Customer Loyalty studies, Market penetration studies – Health application: Disaster Surveillance, Health information system – Crime Mapping: Mapping Crime data, Hot Spot Analysis – 3D GIS.
REFERENCES:
1. Paul Longley, Michael F. Goodchild, David J.Maguire, David W.Rhind, Geographic Information Systems and Science, John Wiley and Sons, 2005.
2. Uzair M.Shamsi GIS Tools for Water, Wastewater, and Stormwater Systems,
ASCE Press, 2002.
3. Alan L, MD Melnick, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems for Public
Health, Aspen Publishers, first edition, 2002.
4. Amin Hammad, Hassan Karimi, Telegeoinformatics: Location- based Computing
and Services, CRC Press, 2004.
5. Allan Brimicombe, GIS Environmental Modeling and Engineering, Taylor &
Francis, 2003.
6. Van Dijk, M.G. Bos, GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques in Land-And-Water-
Management, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.
Pre PhD Course Paper I
ADVANCED SOFT COMPUTING
OBJECTIVE:
• To impart the concepts of the ANN network with the fuzzy logic in the geomatics
system.
UNIT I: INTRODUCTION
Artificial Neural Systems – Perceptron – Representation – Linear separability – Learning
– Training algorithm – The back propagation network – The generalized delta rule –
Practical considerations – BPN Geomatic applications.
UNIT II: STATISTICAL METHODS
Hopfield nets – Cauchy training – Simulated annealing – The Boltzmann machine.
Associative memory – Bidirectional Associative Memory Network – Geomatic
Applications.
UNIT III: COUNTER PROPAGATION NETWORK AND SELF ORGANIZING MAPS
CPN building blocks – CPN data processing. SOM data processing - Adaptive
Resonance Theory network - Geomatic Applications
UNIT IV: FUZZY LOGIC
Fuzzy sets and Fuzzy reasoning – Fuzzy matrices – Fuzzy mebership functions –
Operators Decomposition – Fuzzy automata and languages – Fuzzy control methods –
Fuzzy decision making
UNIT V: NEURO – FUZZY MODELING
Adaptive networks based Fuzzy interface systems – Classification and Regression
Trees – Data clustering algorithms – Rule based structure identification – Neuro-Fuzzy
controls – Simulated annealing – Evolutionary computation - Geomatic Applications.
REFERENCES:
1. James Freeman A. and David Skapura M.Neural Networks – Algorithms,
Applications & Programming Techniques Addison Wesley, 1999.
2. Timothy J.Ross, “Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications”, McGraw Hill, 1997.
3. Yegnanarayana B., Artificial Neural Networks, Prentice Hall of India Private Ltd.,
New Delhi, 1999.
4. Lqurene Fausett, “Fundamentals of Neural Networks”, Prentice Hall, 1994.
5. Jang J.S.R., Sun C.T. and Mizutani E, “Neuro-Fuzzy and soft computing”,
Prentice Hall 1998.
Pre PhD Course Paper I
DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM
OBJECTIVE :
• To impart the knowledge of Expert Systems for Geomatics and its Applications.
UNIT I: STRUCTURE
Definition – Features, needs, components – characteristics – players - Structure and
phases of building ES – Types – Rule based, Frame based & Hybrid – Design,
Planning, monitoring.
UNIT II : KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION
Knowledge Acquisition stages – Representation schemes, Rule, Semantic network,
frames and logic – Inference Techniques – Types of Reasoning deductive, inductive,
adductive, analogical and non-monotonic – conflict resolution - types of inference:
forward and backward chaining - search techniques
UNIT III: RULE BASED EXPERT SYSTEMS
Evolution – Architecture – Examples – backward and forward chaining - rules and meta
rules – rule based systems – Case studies: MYCIN, PROSPECTOR
UNIT IV: INEXACT REASONING
Bayesian theory, examples – Certainty theory: overview, uncertain evidence, rule
inferencing - certainty factors – Fuzzy sets – Representation, hedges inference & fuzzy
logic – Rule base for interpretation of RS data.
UNIT V: OBJECT BASED EXPERT SYSTEM
Overview, anatomy of class, sub class, instance, properties, inheritance, Facets
methods, encapsulation, rules interaction with object, design methodology for frame
based system – domain, classes, instances, rule – communications, design interface.
REFERENCES:
1. Peter Jackson, “Introduction to Expert systems”, Pearson Education, 2004.
2. Turban E., “Expert Systems and Applied Artificial Intelligence”, Macmillan, 2004.
3. Donald A.Waterman., “A Guide to Expert systems”, Pearson Education, 2001.
4. Durkin.J., “Expert Systems Design and Development”, Prentice Hall, 1994
5. Dan.W.Patterson, “Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and Expert systems”,
Prentice Hall, 2003.
6. Ermine.J.I, “Expert Systems: Theory and Practice”, Prentice Hall, 2003.
Pre PhD Course Paper I
MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING
OBJECTIVE:
To impart the knowledge of Microwave Remote sensing and its applications.
UNIT I: FUNDAMENTALS AND RADIOMETRY
Introduction and early history, Basic concepts, plane waves, antenna systems,
radiometry, microwave interactions with atmospheric constituents, Earth’s surface and
vegetation, Radiometric systems, Sensors, Data products and its applications.
UNIT II: RADAR REMOTE SENSING
Radar Basics, Radar interaction with Earth surface and vegetation, Surface scattering
theory. Radar equation , fading concept, Measurement and discrimination, Physical
mechanisms and empirical models for scattering and emission, Geometry of Radar
images, Radar return and image signature, Resolution concepts, SAR, Speckle in radar
imagery, concept of roughness, geometry of targets, resonance, dielectric constant,
surface and volume scattering, signal penetration and enhancement.
UNIT III: AIRBORNE AND SPACEBORNE RADAR SYSTEMS
Airborne, Spaceborne, different platforms and sensors, Data products and selection
procedure, SEASAT,SIRA,SIRB,ERS,JERS,RADARSAT missions, Doppler radar,
JASON,TOPEX/POSEIDON, Aircraft: AirSAR, C/X SAR, E-SAR, STAR-1.
UNIT IV: APPLICATION OF RADAR REMOTE SENSING
Applications in Agriculture, Forestry, Geology, Hydrology, ice studies, landuse mapping
and ocean related studies, military and surveillance applications, search and rescue
operations, ground and air target detection and tracking.
UNIT V: SPECIAL TOPICS IN RADAR REMOTE SENSING
SAR interferometry-Basics- differential SAR interferometry, Radar polarimetry-
Radargrammetry and applications-Altimeter and its applications, scatterometer and its
applications.
REFERENCES:
1. Ulaby,F.T.,Moore,K.R. and Fung, Microwave remote sensing vol-1,vol-2 and vol-
Addison-Wesley Publishing Company,London,1986.
2. Floyd.M.Handerson and Anthony,J.Lewis “Principles and applications of Imaging
RADAR”, Manual of Remote sensing, Third edition, vol.2, ASPRS, Jhumurley
and sons, Inc,1998.
3. Philippe Lacomme,Jean clande Marchais,Jean-Philippe Hardarge and Eric
Normant, Air and spaceborne radar systems-An introduction, Elsevier
publications 2001.
4. Iain H.woodhouse, Introduction to microwave remote sensing, 2004.
5. Roger J Sullivan, Knovel, Radar foundations for Imaging and Advanced
Concepts, SciTech Pub, 2004.
6. Ian Faulconbridge, Radar Fundamentals, Published by Argos Press, 2002.
7. Eugene A. Sharkov,Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of the Earth: Physical
Foundations, Published by Springer, 2003.
Pre PhD Course Paper II
DIGITAL CADASTRAL AND LAND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
OBJECTIVE:
To understand the concepts of coordinate- based digital form of parcel and
related Land records, complexities of urban Land records, continuous updating of
Cadastre and Land rights; future Land management in general and Urban Land
in particular using high resolution current data in 3D environment for efficient
functioning of administration, for Disaster management, utility management,
coastal zone land management as examples.
UNIT I: INTRODUCTION TO CADASTRAL PRACTICES IN INDIA
Definition of Cadastral, Historical background, Graphic and Numeric Cadastral, Legal
aspects, Land Records and Title Registration, Mutation, Boundary demarcation and
Dispute Redressal System, Municipal Cadastral Systems.
UNIT II: CONCEPT OF CO-ORDINATE BASED DIGITAL CADASTRAL
2D Cadastre from Revenue records (review of NIC projects in India); 3D Cadastre-Data
generation through Re-survey and Settlement, Use Of Soft Copy Photogrammetry, High
Resolution Satellite Imagery and ALTM, Use of GPS and Electronic Total Station; Case
Studies of A-N project of Orissa , Bhu-Bharati project of Andhra Pradesh and C-STAR
programme of Tamil Nadu.
UNIT III: MULTI-DIMENSIONAL CADASTRAL SYSTEM FOR THE CITIES
3D and 4D Cadastral Systems, Modernization programs in INDIA - Case Studies of
Delhi, Chennai, Mumbai & Ahmedabad; Systems in USA, CANADA,SWEDAN, U.K.
& GERMANY.
UNIT VI: LAND MANAGEMENT
Concepts of Land Reforms, Land Consolidation, Guarantee of Land Title and Automated
Title Registration, e-Governance, Disaster Management, Coastal Zone Land
Management Systems, Emerging systems and future trends.
UNIT V: STUDY OF AVAILABLE SOFTWARE PACKAGES
ENVI, ILWIS , ArcGIS, Quantum-Gis, Map-Info software, And various commercially available GIS packages.
REFERENCES:
1. Nancy von Meyer, GIS and Land Records: The Parcel Data Model 2004.
2. Peter F.Dale & John D.Melaugliu; Land information management, Oxford press,
2000.
3. Gerhard Larsson, Land Registration and Cadastral Systems: Tools for Land
Information and Management, 1991.
4. A. Rajabifard, I. Williamson, D. Steudler, and Binns; Assessing the worldwide
comparison of cadastral systems [An article from: Land Use Policy], 2007.
5. S.M. Cashin and G. McGrath; Establishing a modern cadastral system within a
transition country: [An article from: Land Use Policy], 2006.
6. Peter F. Dale and John D. Melaughlin I, Land Administration(spatial information
system), Oxford Press, 2000.
7. Proceedings of FIG Congress 2002. ( USA) Commission 7 – Cadastral
Innovation I (TS7.1), Cadastral Innovation II (TS 7.2), Global Survey of Cadastral
Experiences (TS 7.3), Land Consolidation (TS 7.4), GPS for Cadastral
Application (JS 2)
8. ESRI Data manuals:
Pre PhD Course Paper II
REMOTE SENSING AND GIS FOR HYDROLOGY AND WATER
RESOURCES
OBJECTIVE:
This Subject Deals With The Basics Of Hydrology And Also Various Remote Sensing
And GIS Applications In The Field Of Hydrology And Water Resources.
UNIT I: BASICS OF HYDROLOGY
Hydrological Cycle – Estimation Of Various Components Of Hydrology Cycle – Clouds –
Rainfall – Runoff – Evaporation – Transpiration – Evapo–Transpiration – Interception –
Depression Storage – Spectral Properties Of Water – Gis Application In Surface Water
Modeling – Case Studies.
UNIT II: DRAINAGE BASIN
Watershed Divide – Stream Networks – Delineation And Codification Of Watersheds
Morphometric Analysis – Linear – Areal –Relief Aspects – Rainfall- Runoff Modeling – Urban
Hydrology – Case Studies.
UNIT III: AREAL ASSESSMENT
Mapping Of Snow Covered Area – Snow Melt Runoff – Flood Forecasting, Risk Mapping And
Flood Damage Assessment Soil Moisture Area – Drought Forecasting And Damage
Assessment – GIS Application In Aerial Assessment – Case Studies
UNIT IV: GROUND WATER AND WATER QUALITY
Ground Water Prospects – Surface Water Indicators – Vegetation , Geology, Soil Aquifer –
Aquifer Parameters – Well Hydraulics – Estimation Of Ground Water Potential – Hydrologic
Budgeting – Mathematical Models – GIS Application In Ground Water Modeling – Study On
Sea Water Intrusion – Modeling Of Sea Water Intrusion – Water Quality Parameters –
Physical, Chemical, Biological Properties. Water Quality Mapping And Monitoring –
Correlation Model For Pollution Detection And Suspended Sediment Concentration– Case
Studies
UNIT V IRRIGATION AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
Project Investigation, Implementation, Maintenance Stage- Location Of Storage/ Diversion
Works – Canal Alignment –Depth-Area Capacity Curve Generation, - Conjunctive Use Of
Surface And Ground Water – Mapping And Monitoring The Catchment Command Area –
Artificial Recharge Of Groundwater – Water Harvesting Structures – Sediment Yield –
Modeling Of Reservoir Siltation – Prioritization Of Watershed –Modeling Of Sustainable
Development – Development Of Information System For Natural Resource Management –
Case Studies.
REFERENCES:
1. Eric C. Barrett, Clare H.Power, Satellite Remote Sensing for Hydrology and
Water Management, gordon @ Breach Science publications - new york 1990,
2. Dr. David Maidment, Dr. Dean Djokic, Hydrologic and Hydraulic Modeling
Support with Geographic Information Systems, Esri Press 2000,
3. Wilfried Brutsaert, Hydrology: An Introduction Cambridge University Press, 2005,
4. Andy D. Ward and Stanley W. Trimble, Environmental Hydrology, second edition,
Lewis Publishers, 2004,
5. U.M. Shamsi, GIS Applications for Water, Wastewater, and Stormwater
Systems,CRC; first edition 2005,
6. Remote Sensing and its application by IRA Narayana, University Press
7. Geoinformation for development by Zeil Kickbergu, University Science Press
Pre PhD Course Paper II
REMOTE SENSING AND GIS FOR EARTH SCIENCES
OBJECTIVE:
The objective of the course is to impart knowledge about the various geological
structures and Geomorphic Landforms. The students will be exposed to various
Remote Sensing Applications to earth Sciences.
UNIT I: LITHOLOGY AND STRUCTURE
Introduction – Rocks And Minerals, Image Characters Of Igneous, Sedimentary And
Metamorphic Rocks - Lithological Mapping Using Aerial And Satellite Data- Structural
Geology, Introduction, Mapping Structural Feature Such As Folds, Lineaments / Faults,
Fractures Image Characters Of Folds, Faults, Lineaments Etc., - Digital Techniques For
Lithological And Structural Analysis – Case Studies.
UNIT II: SPECTRAL OF ROCKS AND MINERALS
Spectral properties of geologic features in different regions of Electromagnetic
Spectrum, Elemental composition and nature of the spectra of rocks and minerals,
Optimal spectral windows – Geologic Remote sensing and its significance in Geologic
mapping - case studies.
UNIT - III GEOMORPHOLOGY
Geomorphic Landforms, Drainage network and patterns classification and implications of
drainage patterns, geomorphic mapping using aerial and satellite data - Landform
analysis in natural resources and management case studies.
UNIT IV SUBSURFACE EXPLORATIONS
Different types of Geophysical Surveys - Electrical resistively surveys - aeromagnetic
surveys - Electromagnetic surveys - Seismic surveys - Planning Geophysical surveys
using satellite data - Applications of different types of geophysical surveys in resource
mapping - case studies.
UNIT V REMOTE SENSING AND GIS APPLICATIONS
Introduction - Applications of Remote Sensing and GIS for Resource mapping,
monitoring and management - Preparation of thematic layers - Integration of all relevant
primary and secondary data using GIS in Surface and groundwater studies -
Engineering Geology, Mineral exploration and Petroleum exploration - Disaster
Management studies like Droughts, Floods-Case studies.
REFERENCES:
1. Frederic k. lutgens, kennth G.pinzke and Edward j. tarbuck Applications and
Investigation in Earth science 2008.
2. Glencoe science, Physical science with earth science, 2005.
3. Sebins, F.Remote Sensing principles and interpretation’ W.H.Freeman and
company Newyork 1987.
4. Parbin Singh ‘Engineering and General Geology’ Ketson Publication House 1987
5. Drury, S.A. image interpretation in Geology, Chapman and Hall London 1993
6. Michael N.Demers Fundamentals of GIS, John Wiley & sons, inc 1999.
7. C.P.L.O and Albert KW Yeung Prentice- Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2002
8. Remote sensing in Geology—A. K.Gupta
9. Remote Sensing in Geomorphology by SM Rama Samy,New India Publishers
Pre PhD Course Paper II
REMOTE SENSING AND GIS FOR AGRICULTURE & FORESTRY
OBJECTIVE:
The content of this course enable the students to understand the application
potentialities of remote sensing data separately and in combination with GIS
techniques for Agriculture and Forestry.
UNIT I: CROPS ACREAGE AND YIELD ESTIMATION
Introduction – Spectral properties of crops in optical & TIR region, Microwave
backscattering behavior of crop canopy – crops identification and crop inventory – crop
acreage estimation – vegetation indices – Yield modeling – crop production forecasting
through digital analysis – crop condition assessment – command area monitoring – land
use and land cover analysis – Microwave RS for crop inventory – Case studies
UNIT II: SOIL MAPPING AND CONSERVATION
Introduction – soil genesis, Soil morphological characters, Soil pedology – Soil survey,
Types and methods of soil surveys – Soil classifications – Hydrological Soil grouping –
Characteristics of saline & alkaline Soils – Factors influencing soil reflectance properties
– principle component analysis and orthogonal rotation transformation-Soils mapping
using RS data - Problem soil identification and mapping – land evaluation – Soil
sedimentation & erosion – Soil loss assessment – Soil conservation – Case studies.
UNIT III: DAMAGE ASSESSMENT
Detection of pest & diseases – Flood mapping and Assessments of crop loss – Remote
sensing capabilities & contribution for drought management – Land degradation due to
water logging & Salinity – crop stresses reflectance properties of stressed plants and
stress detection.
UNIT IV FORESTRY
Introduction – Forest taxonomy – inventory of forestlands – forest types and density
mapping using RS techniques – Forest stock mapping – factors for degradation of forest
– Delineation of degraded forest - Forest change detection and monitoring – Forest fire
mapping & damage assessment – LiDAR remote sensing for Forest studies.
UNIT V INTEGRATED SURVEYS
Introduction – Integrated surveys for agriculture & forest development – RS & GIS for
drawing out action plans – water shed approach – Rule of RS & GIS for watershed
management – Land use planning for sustainable development – Precision forming -
Case studies.
REFERENCES:
1. John G. Lyon, Jack MCcarthy, Wetland & Environmental application of GIS,1995.
2. Margareb Kalacska, G. Arturosanchez, Hyper spectral RS of tropical and sub
tropical forest, 2005.
3. Shunlin liang , Advances in land RS: System, modeling invention and
applications, 2001.
4. Joe Boris dexon, Soil mineralogy with environmental application, Library of
congress catalog, 2004.
5. James B, Introduction of Remote sensing, Third edition Campbell, third edition
Guilford Press, 2002.
6. NRSC : Applications of Remote sensing
Pre PhD Course Paper II
REMOTE SENSING AND GIS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
OBJECTIVE:
To understand the various remote sensing and GIS technological applications in
the field of Environmental Engineering.
UNIT I: REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS TO ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
Introduction ,Environmental satellites GEOS, NOAA, AVHRR, CZCR Monitoring land,
water, atmosphere and ocean using Remote Sensing Data, case studies.
UNIT II: SOIL DEGRADATION STUDY
Taxonomical classification of soils, soil survey interpretation and mapping, impact of
agricultural and industrial activity on soil properties. soil salinity/alkalinity, erosion
studies, Applications of GIS in assessing soil salinity, erosion productivity etc.
UNIT III: WATER QUALITY AND GROUND WATER POLLUTION
Classification of water quality for various purposes. Data base creation and quality
modeling using GIS. Database Creation and maintaining water supply network,
sewerage network using GIS. Case studies. Aquifer Vulnerability Intrinsic and specific
vulnerability, DRASTIC, SINTACS MODELS MODFLOW, MT3D, contaminant
transport model. Case studies using AHP techniques.
UNIT IV: AIR QUALITY MODELLING
Atmosphere: Chemicals, Particulate matters present in the atmosphere, allowable limits,
Remote Sensing technique to monitor atmosphere constituents, air pollution due to
industrial activity, modeling using GIS. Case Studies.
UNIT V: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Revenue management-environment and ecological concerns- Resource development in
remote areas-Impacts of anthropogenic activity- Solid Waste management- Carbon
footprints and sinks, carbon trading, carbon credits and marketing, Indian and
international status
REFERENCES:
1. Ian L.Pepper, charles P.Gerbaand Mark L.Brusseau, Environmental and
pollution science 2006.
2. Savigny.D De and Wijeyaratne .P GIS for Health and Environment, Stylus
publication, 1994.
3. Reger D.Griffin, Air Quality Assessment andMmanagement (second edition),
2006.
4. Donald L.Wise, Remediation for Hazardous waste contaminated soils 1994.
5. Integrated Solid Waste Management Techobanoglous George, Hilary Theisen,
Samuel Vigi,Mc Graw – Hill Inc, Singapore. 1993.
6. Michele Campagna, GIS for sustainable development, 2005.
Pre PhD Course Paper II
REMOTE SENSING AND GIS FOR OCEAN ENGINEERING AND COASTAL
ZONE MANAGEMENT
OBJECTIVE:
This Course deals with the fundamental of physical, chemical and Biological
oceanography and the various RS applications to coastal zone management.
UNIT I: OCEAN ENGINEERING
Coastal processes – Oceanic circulation – Upwelling and sinking - current Measurement
– Waves – surface waves - Water motion in waves – reflection, diffraction and
refraction – wave generated currents – catastrophic waves – Tides – Tidal forces –
sediment drift – salinity intrusion.
UNIT II: OCEAN GENERAL STUDIES
Study of physical properties of sea water and parameters – chemistry of sea water –
Biological parameters – Oceanographic instruments – collection of water samples –
current measuring devices – deep sea coring devices – dredges.
UNIT III: COASTAL ENGINEERING
Coastal Hydrodynamic – Coastal erosion and protection – different Coastal protection
works – design of Breakwaters – Estuaries and their impact on coastal process –
Hydrodynamics of pollution dispersion.
UNIT IV: REMOTE SENSING APPLICATION
Use of Microwave data – CZCS studies – chlorophyll production idex – various sensors
used for coastal application – physical oceanographic parameter estimation – sea
surface temperature – significant wave height – wind speed and direction – coastal
Bathymetry – sea level rise.
UNIT V COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT
Introduction – Major issues/problem – Thematic maps on coastal resources, - wetland
classification – creation of CZIS – Coastal Regulation zone – Coastal aquifer modelling
using GIS – Integrated coastal Management using GIS.
REFERENCES:
1. Johnb.Herbich, Handbook of Costal Engineering, McGraw-Hill Professional; 1
edition 2000.
2. D. J. Tritton , Physical Fluid Dynamics,Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA;
edition 1988.
3. Robert G. Dean, Robert A. Dalrymple , Water Wave Mechanics for Engineers &
Scientists, Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company 1990.
4. J. William Kamphuis , Introduction To Coastal Engineering And Management ,
World Scientific Publishing Company, 2000.
5. Biliana Cicin-Sain Gunnar Kullenberg, Integrated Coastal and Oce
Pre PhD Course Paper II
REMOTE SENSING AND GIS FOR URBAN PLANNING AND
MANAGEMENT
OBJECTIVE:
• This course describes the various mapping techniques used for urban mapping
including transportation planning.
UNIT I: INTRODUCTION
Remote sensing for detection of urban features – Scale and resolution – Scope and
limitations – Interpretation from Aerial and satellite images – Digital image processing
techniques – Image fusion – Case studies.
UNIT II: SETTLEMENT MAPPING
Classification and settlement – settlement structure – Segmentation of Built-up areas –
Classification algorithms – Land use/ Land cover mapping – change detection – high
resolution remote sensing – case studies.
UNIT III : ANALYSIS AND PLANNING
Urban morphology – Housing topology – Population estimation from remote sensing –
Infrastructure demand analysis – Urban renewal Land suitability analysis – Plan
formulation – Regional, Master and detailed development – Use of remote sensing and
GIS in plan preparation – Urban information system – Web GIS – case studies.
UNIT IV: TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
Mapping transportation network – Classification – Optimum route/ shortest route –
Alignment planning – Traffic and parking studies – Accident analysis – case studies.
UNIT V: CURRENT TRENDS
Urban growth modeling – Expert systems in planning – 3D city models – ALTM – Land
use Transportation interaction models – Intelligent transportation systems – case studies
REFERENCES:
1. Juliana Maantay, John Ziegler, John Pickles, GIS for the Urban Environment,
Esri Press 2006.
2. Allan Brimicombe, GIS Environmental Modeling and Engineering, CRC; 1 edition
2003.
3. Paul Longley, Michael Batty, Spatial Analysis: Modeling in a GIS Environment
Wiley,1997.
4. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert , Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston,
David Maidment, Michael Crane , Sandi Glendinning, GIS and Environmental
Modeling: Progress and Research Issues (Hardcover) by,Publisher: Wiley; 1
edition, 1996.
5. Roland Fletcher, The Limits of Settlement Growth: A Theoretical Outline (New
Studies in Archaeology) (First edition), Cambridge University Press; 2007.
6. Advanced Surveying by Satheesh Gopi, R. Satyakumar and N. Madhu, Pearson publishers
Pre PhD Course Paper II
REMOTE SENSING AND GIS FOR DISASTER MITIGATION MANAGEMENT
OBJECTIVE:
To teach about the various principles involved and also the various mitigation to
Be adopted during the disasters.
UNIT I: DISASTER PRINCIPLES
Basic concepts and principles – Hydrological and geological disasters, characteristics
crisis and consequences – Role of government administration, University research
organization and NGOs-International disaster assistance – Sharing technology and
technical expertise.
UNIT II: LONG TERM MITIGATION MEASURES
Needs and approach towards prevention – principles and components of mitigation
Disaster legislation and policy – Insurance – Cost effective analysis – Utilisation of
resource – Training – Education – Public awareness –Role of media.
UNIT III: SAFETY RATING OF STRUCTURES
Slope stability of Ghat roads – Structural safety of Dams,Bridges,Hospital, Industrial
structures – Low cost housing for disaster prone areas – Cyclone shelter projects and
their implications – Reconstruction after disasters: Issues of practices.
UNIT IV : SPACE SCIENCE INPUT IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Remote sensing in Hazard evaluation – Zonation – Risk assessment –Damage
assessment – Land use planning and regulation for sustainable development –
Communication satellite application – network – Use of Internet _ Warning system –Post
disaster review –Case studies.
UNIT V: EMERGENCY PLANNING USING SPATIAL AND NON-SPATIAL DATA
Information system management – Spatial and non-spatial data bank creation-
Operational emergency management – Vulnerability analysis of infrastructure and
settlements –Pre-disaster and post disaster planning for relief operations – Potential of
GIS application in development planning – Disaster management plan – Case studies,
REFERENCES:
1. Sisi zlatanova & Andrea Fabbri jonathanli, Geometrics solutions for Disaster
management, Springer Verlag, 2007.
2. C.Emdad Haque, Mitigation of natural Hazards & disasters, Klwuer Acadamic
publishers group, 2005.
3. Linda C. Bottersll & ponald A.wilhite, From Disaster response to Risk
management. Klwuer Acadamic publishers group, 2005.
4. Gerard Blokdijk, Disaster recovery planning and services, Gennaio publishers,
2008.
5. Mohamed Gad Large scale disasters:prediction, control and mitigation,
Cambridge university press, 2008.
Pre PhD Course Paper II
FLOOD MODELLING AND DROUGHT ASSESSMENT
OBJECTIVE:
This subject aims at making the students to understand the hydrologic extremes of floods and
droughts, estimation of severity and extent of damages and the mitigation measures to combat
them.
UNIT I: FLOOD ESTMATION
Hydrologic extremes – Flood – Types of Flood – Effects of Flood – Design Flood - SPF/MPF -
Estimation of design flood – Physical Indicators - Envelope curves - Empirical methods – Rational method - Statistical methods – Frequency analysis – Unit hydrograph method.
UNIT II: FLOOD MODELLING AND MANAGEMENT
Hydrologic and Hydraulic Routing – Reservoir and Channel Routing - Flood Inundation Modelling –
HEC HMS and HEC RAS software - Flood control methods – Structural and non structural measures -
Flood Plain Zoning – Flood forecasting – Flood Mitigation - Remote Sensing and GIS for Flood
modelling and management.
UNIT III: DROUGHT AND IMPACTS
Definition – Definitions based on rainfall, stream flow, vegetation and comprehensive aspects -
Characterisation of Drought/water shortage/aridity/desertification - Types of Drought – NCA
classification – Impacts of Drought – Environmental, Social and Economical aspects
UNIT IV: DROUGHT ASSESSMENT
Drought Severity Assessment – Meteorological Hydrological and Agricultural methods – Drought Indices – GIS based Drought Information system – Drought Vulnerability Assessment and Mapping Using GIS.
UNIT V: DROUGHT MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT
DPAP Programme - Drought Monitoring – Application of Remote sensing – Drought Mitigation
Proactive and Reactive Approach – Supply and Demand Oriented Measures – Long term and Short term Measures – Water Scarcity Management in Urban, Industrial and Agricultural sectors
REFERENCES:
1. Chow V.T., Maidment D.R., Mays L.W., "Applied Hydrology", McGraw Hill Publications, New
York, 1995.
2. Vijay P.Singh., "Elementary Hydrology", Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 1994.
3. Yevjevich V., Drought Research Needs, Water Resources Publications, Colorado State
University, USA, 1977.
4. Rangapathy V., Karmegam M., and Sakthivadivel R., Monograph in Flood Routing Methods as Applied to Indian Rivers, Anna University Publications
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING ::
===============================
OBJECTIVE:
The objective of the course is to describe the procedure of satellite data acquisition and analysis.
UNIT I: SATELLITE SYSTEMS AND DATA
Satellite Systems And Data –Acquisition - Storage - Orbits – Data Formats –Data Products –Image Display System- Current Missions.
UNIT II: SENSOR AND DATA MODEL
Sensor Model –Resolutions- Pixel Characters- Image Formation –Univariate & Multi Variable Image Statistics –Spatial Statistics –Geometric And Radiometric Correction- Noise Models.
UNIT III: IMAGE ENHANCEMENTS
Spectral Signatures –Image Characteristics, Feature Space Scatterogram- Point, Local And Regional Operation –Fourier Transform, Scale- Space Transform, Wavelet Transform – Principle Component Analysis- Orthogonal Rotation Transformation
UNIT IV: INFORMATION EXTRACTION
Image Registration And Ortho Rectification, Resampling, Multi-Image Fusion, Classification – Feature Extraction, Training –Supervised, Unsupervised And Hybrid Training, Nonparametric, And Sub-Pixel Classification, Hyper – Spectral Image Analysis.
UNIT V: IMAGE ANALYSIS AND UNDERSTANDING
Pattern Recognition, Boundary Detection And Representation, Textural And Contextual Analysis, Decision Concepts- Fuzzy Sets, Evidential Reasoning, Expert System, Artificial Neural Network, Integration Of Data.
REFERENCES:
1. W.G. Rees - Physical Principles of Remote Sensing, Cambridge University Press, 2nd edition, 2001.
2. Robert Shcowebgerdt , Remote sensing models & methods for image processing, III edition, 2004.
3. Digital Image Processing (3rd Edition) Rafael C. Gonzalez , Richard E. Woods Prentice Hall, 2007.
4. John A.Richards, Springer –Verlag, Remate Sensing Digital Image Analysis 1999.
5. John R. Jensen, Introductory Digital Image Processing: A Remote Sensing Perspective, 2nd Edition, 1995.
Pre PhD Course Paper I
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM APPLICATIONS
OBJECTIVE:
To provide exposure to applications of GIS in various application domains through case studies.
UNIT I: NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS
Forestry: Resource inventory, Forest fire growth modeling – Land: Land use planning, watershed management studies – Water – Identification of ground water recharge – Resource information system – Wetlands Management, Wildlife habitat analysis.
UNIT II: DISASTER MANAGEMENT & FACILITY MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS
Disaster management: Use of GIS in Risk assessment, mitigation, preparedness, Response and recovery phases of Disaster management – Utilities – Water utility applications – Electric utility Application – Telecommunication: Tower spotting, route optimization for meter reading for utilities – Other utilities.
UNIT III: LOCATION BASED SERVICES APPLICATION
Vehicle Tracking: Automatic vehicle location (AVL), Components of AVL: Invehicle equipment, Various communication channels, Web server, Client – Vehicle tracking alarms used in Vehicle tracking, Fleet management – Vehicle navigation – Emergency call: Address geocoding, Distress call application.
UNIT IV: LAND INFORMATION SYSTEM & WEB GIS APPLICATIONS
Land information system (LIS) – Tax mapping – Mobile mapping - Other LIS applications – Web GIS: Architecture of Web GIS, Map server, Web GIS applications.
UNIT V: BUSINESS, HEALTH AND OTHER APPLICATIONS
Business applications: Sitting a new facility, Customer Loyalty studies, Market penetration studies – Health application: Disaster Surveillance, Health information system – Crime Mapping: Mapping Crime data, Hot Spot Analysis – 3D GIS.
REFERENCES:
1. Paul Longley, Michael F. Goodchild, David J.Maguire, David W.Rhind, Geographic Information Systems and Science, John Wiley and Sons, 2005.
2. Uzair M.Shamsi GIS Tools for Water, Wastewater, and Stormwater Systems,
ASCE Press, 2002.
3. Alan L, MD Melnick, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems for Public
Health, Aspen Publishers, first edition, 2002.
4. Amin Hammad, Hassan Karimi, Telegeoinformatics: Location- based Computing
and Services, CRC Press, 2004.
5. Allan Brimicombe, GIS Environmental Modeling and Engineering, Taylor &
Francis, 2003.
6. Van Dijk, M.G. Bos, GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques in Land-And-Water-
Management, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.
Pre PhD Course Paper I
ADVANCED SOFT COMPUTING
OBJECTIVE:
• To impart the concepts of the ANN network with the fuzzy logic in the geomatics
system.
UNIT I: INTRODUCTION
Artificial Neural Systems – Perceptron – Representation – Linear separability – Learning
– Training algorithm – The back propagation network – The generalized delta rule –
Practical considerations – BPN Geomatic applications.
UNIT II: STATISTICAL METHODS
Hopfield nets – Cauchy training – Simulated annealing – The Boltzmann machine.
Associative memory – Bidirectional Associative Memory Network – Geomatic
Applications.
UNIT III: COUNTER PROPAGATION NETWORK AND SELF ORGANIZING MAPS
CPN building blocks – CPN data processing. SOM data processing - Adaptive
Resonance Theory network - Geomatic Applications
UNIT IV: FUZZY LOGIC
Fuzzy sets and Fuzzy reasoning – Fuzzy matrices – Fuzzy mebership functions –
Operators Decomposition – Fuzzy automata and languages – Fuzzy control methods –
Fuzzy decision making
UNIT V: NEURO – FUZZY MODELING
Adaptive networks based Fuzzy interface systems – Classification and Regression
Trees – Data clustering algorithms – Rule based structure identification – Neuro-Fuzzy
controls – Simulated annealing – Evolutionary computation - Geomatic Applications.
REFERENCES:
1. James Freeman A. and David Skapura M.Neural Networks – Algorithms,
Applications & Programming Techniques Addison Wesley, 1999.
2. Timothy J.Ross, “Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications”, McGraw Hill, 1997.
3. Yegnanarayana B., Artificial Neural Networks, Prentice Hall of India Private Ltd.,
New Delhi, 1999.
4. Lqurene Fausett, “Fundamentals of Neural Networks”, Prentice Hall, 1994.
5. Jang J.S.R., Sun C.T. and Mizutani E, “Neuro-Fuzzy and soft computing”,
Prentice Hall 1998.
Pre PhD Course Paper I
DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM
OBJECTIVE :
• To impart the knowledge of Expert Systems for Geomatics and its Applications.
UNIT I: STRUCTURE
Definition – Features, needs, components – characteristics – players - Structure and
phases of building ES – Types – Rule based, Frame based & Hybrid – Design,
Planning, monitoring.
UNIT II : KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION
Knowledge Acquisition stages – Representation schemes, Rule, Semantic network,
frames and logic – Inference Techniques – Types of Reasoning deductive, inductive,
adductive, analogical and non-monotonic – conflict resolution - types of inference:
forward and backward chaining - search techniques
UNIT III: RULE BASED EXPERT SYSTEMS
Evolution – Architecture – Examples – backward and forward chaining - rules and meta
rules – rule based systems – Case studies: MYCIN, PROSPECTOR
UNIT IV: INEXACT REASONING
Bayesian theory, examples – Certainty theory: overview, uncertain evidence, rule
inferencing - certainty factors – Fuzzy sets – Representation, hedges inference & fuzzy
logic – Rule base for interpretation of RS data.
UNIT V: OBJECT BASED EXPERT SYSTEM
Overview, anatomy of class, sub class, instance, properties, inheritance, Facets
methods, encapsulation, rules interaction with object, design methodology for frame
based system – domain, classes, instances, rule – communications, design interface.
REFERENCES:
1. Peter Jackson, “Introduction to Expert systems”, Pearson Education, 2004.
2. Turban E., “Expert Systems and Applied Artificial Intelligence”, Macmillan, 2004.
3. Donald A.Waterman., “A Guide to Expert systems”, Pearson Education, 2001.
4. Durkin.J., “Expert Systems Design and Development”, Prentice Hall, 1994
5. Dan.W.Patterson, “Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and Expert systems”,
Prentice Hall, 2003.
6. Ermine.J.I, “Expert Systems: Theory and Practice”, Prentice Hall, 2003.
Pre PhD Course Paper I
MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING
OBJECTIVE:
To impart the knowledge of Microwave Remote sensing and its applications.
UNIT I: FUNDAMENTALS AND RADIOMETRY
Introduction and early history, Basic concepts, plane waves, antenna systems,
radiometry, microwave interactions with atmospheric constituents, Earth’s surface and
vegetation, Radiometric systems, Sensors, Data products and its applications.
UNIT II: RADAR REMOTE SENSING
Radar Basics, Radar interaction with Earth surface and vegetation, Surface scattering
theory. Radar equation , fading concept, Measurement and discrimination, Physical
mechanisms and empirical models for scattering and emission, Geometry of Radar
images, Radar return and image signature, Resolution concepts, SAR, Speckle in radar
imagery, concept of roughness, geometry of targets, resonance, dielectric constant,
surface and volume scattering, signal penetration and enhancement.
UNIT III: AIRBORNE AND SPACEBORNE RADAR SYSTEMS
Airborne, Spaceborne, different platforms and sensors, Data products and selection
procedure, SEASAT,SIRA,SIRB,ERS,JERS,RADARSAT missions, Doppler radar,
JASON,TOPEX/POSEIDON, Aircraft: AirSAR, C/X SAR, E-SAR, STAR-1.
UNIT IV: APPLICATION OF RADAR REMOTE SENSING
Applications in Agriculture, Forestry, Geology, Hydrology, ice studies, landuse mapping
and ocean related studies, military and surveillance applications, search and rescue
operations, ground and air target detection and tracking.
UNIT V: SPECIAL TOPICS IN RADAR REMOTE SENSING
SAR interferometry-Basics- differential SAR interferometry, Radar polarimetry-
Radargrammetry and applications-Altimeter and its applications, scatterometer and its
applications.
REFERENCES:
1. Ulaby,F.T.,Moore,K.R. and Fung, Microwave remote sensing vol-1,vol-2 and vol-
Addison-Wesley Publishing Company,London,1986.
2. Floyd.M.Handerson and Anthony,J.Lewis “Principles and applications of Imaging
RADAR”, Manual of Remote sensing, Third edition, vol.2, ASPRS, Jhumurley
and sons, Inc,1998.
3. Philippe Lacomme,Jean clande Marchais,Jean-Philippe Hardarge and Eric
Normant, Air and spaceborne radar systems-An introduction, Elsevier
publications 2001.
4. Iain H.woodhouse, Introduction to microwave remote sensing, 2004.
5. Roger J Sullivan, Knovel, Radar foundations for Imaging and Advanced
Concepts, SciTech Pub, 2004.
6. Ian Faulconbridge, Radar Fundamentals, Published by Argos Press, 2002.
7. Eugene A. Sharkov,Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of the Earth: Physical
Foundations, Published by Springer, 2003.
Pre PhD Course Paper II
DIGITAL CADASTRAL AND LAND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
OBJECTIVE:
To understand the concepts of coordinate- based digital form of parcel and
related Land records, complexities of urban Land records, continuous updating of
Cadastre and Land rights; future Land management in general and Urban Land
in particular using high resolution current data in 3D environment for efficient
functioning of administration, for Disaster management, utility management,
coastal zone land management as examples.
UNIT I: INTRODUCTION TO CADASTRAL PRACTICES IN INDIA
Definition of Cadastral, Historical background, Graphic and Numeric Cadastral, Legal
aspects, Land Records and Title Registration, Mutation, Boundary demarcation and
Dispute Redressal System, Municipal Cadastral Systems.
UNIT II: CONCEPT OF CO-ORDINATE BASED DIGITAL CADASTRAL
2D Cadastre from Revenue records (review of NIC projects in India); 3D Cadastre-Data
generation through Re-survey and Settlement, Use Of Soft Copy Photogrammetry, High
Resolution Satellite Imagery and ALTM, Use of GPS and Electronic Total Station; Case
Studies of A-N project of Orissa , Bhu-Bharati project of Andhra Pradesh and C-STAR
programme of Tamil Nadu.
UNIT III: MULTI-DIMENSIONAL CADASTRAL SYSTEM FOR THE CITIES
3D and 4D Cadastral Systems, Modernization programs in INDIA - Case Studies of
Delhi, Chennai, Mumbai & Ahmedabad; Systems in USA, CANADA,SWEDAN, U.K.
& GERMANY.
UNIT VI: LAND MANAGEMENT
Concepts of Land Reforms, Land Consolidation, Guarantee of Land Title and Automated
Title Registration, e-Governance, Disaster Management, Coastal Zone Land
Management Systems, Emerging systems and future trends.
UNIT V: STUDY OF AVAILABLE SOFTWARE PACKAGES
ENVI, ILWIS , ArcGIS, Quantum-Gis, Map-Info software, And various commercially available GIS packages.
REFERENCES:
1. Nancy von Meyer, GIS and Land Records: The Parcel Data Model 2004.
2. Peter F.Dale & John D.Melaugliu; Land information management, Oxford press,
2000.
3. Gerhard Larsson, Land Registration and Cadastral Systems: Tools for Land
Information and Management, 1991.
4. A. Rajabifard, I. Williamson, D. Steudler, and Binns; Assessing the worldwide
comparison of cadastral systems [An article from: Land Use Policy], 2007.
5. S.M. Cashin and G. McGrath; Establishing a modern cadastral system within a
transition country: [An article from: Land Use Policy], 2006.
6. Peter F. Dale and John D. Melaughlin I, Land Administration(spatial information
system), Oxford Press, 2000.
7. Proceedings of FIG Congress 2002. ( USA) Commission 7 – Cadastral
Innovation I (TS7.1), Cadastral Innovation II (TS 7.2), Global Survey of Cadastral
Experiences (TS 7.3), Land Consolidation (TS 7.4), GPS for Cadastral
Application (JS 2)
8. ESRI Data manuals:
Pre PhD Course Paper II
REMOTE SENSING AND GIS FOR HYDROLOGY AND WATER
RESOURCES
OBJECTIVE:
This Subject Deals With The Basics Of Hydrology And Also Various Remote Sensing
And GIS Applications In The Field Of Hydrology And Water Resources.
UNIT I: BASICS OF HYDROLOGY
Hydrological Cycle – Estimation Of Various Components Of Hydrology Cycle – Clouds –
Rainfall – Runoff – Evaporation – Transpiration – Evapo–Transpiration – Interception –
Depression Storage – Spectral Properties Of Water – Gis Application In Surface Water
Modeling – Case Studies.
UNIT II: DRAINAGE BASIN
Watershed Divide – Stream Networks – Delineation And Codification Of Watersheds
Morphometric Analysis – Linear – Areal –Relief Aspects – Rainfall- Runoff Modeling – Urban
Hydrology – Case Studies.
UNIT III: AREAL ASSESSMENT
Mapping Of Snow Covered Area – Snow Melt Runoff – Flood Forecasting, Risk Mapping And
Flood Damage Assessment Soil Moisture Area – Drought Forecasting And Damage
Assessment – GIS Application In Aerial Assessment – Case Studies
UNIT IV: GROUND WATER AND WATER QUALITY
Ground Water Prospects – Surface Water Indicators – Vegetation , Geology, Soil Aquifer –
Aquifer Parameters – Well Hydraulics – Estimation Of Ground Water Potential – Hydrologic
Budgeting – Mathematical Models – GIS Application In Ground Water Modeling – Study On
Sea Water Intrusion – Modeling Of Sea Water Intrusion – Water Quality Parameters –
Physical, Chemical, Biological Properties. Water Quality Mapping And Monitoring –
Correlation Model For Pollution Detection And Suspended Sediment Concentration– Case
Studies
UNIT V IRRIGATION AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
Project Investigation, Implementation, Maintenance Stage- Location Of Storage/ Diversion
Works – Canal Alignment –Depth-Area Capacity Curve Generation, - Conjunctive Use Of
Surface And Ground Water – Mapping And Monitoring The Catchment Command Area –
Artificial Recharge Of Groundwater – Water Harvesting Structures – Sediment Yield –
Modeling Of Reservoir Siltation – Prioritization Of Watershed –Modeling Of Sustainable
Development – Development Of Information System For Natural Resource Management –
Case Studies.
REFERENCES:
1. Eric C. Barrett, Clare H.Power, Satellite Remote Sensing for Hydrology and
Water Management, gordon @ Breach Science publications - new york 1990,
2. Dr. David Maidment, Dr. Dean Djokic, Hydrologic and Hydraulic Modeling
Support with Geographic Information Systems, Esri Press 2000,
3. Wilfried Brutsaert, Hydrology: An Introduction Cambridge University Press, 2005,
4. Andy D. Ward and Stanley W. Trimble, Environmental Hydrology, second edition,
Lewis Publishers, 2004,
5. U.M. Shamsi, GIS Applications for Water, Wastewater, and Stormwater
Systems,CRC; first edition 2005,
6. Remote Sensing and its application by IRA Narayana, University Press
7. Geoinformation for development by Zeil Kickbergu, University Science Press
Pre PhD Course Paper II
REMOTE SENSING AND GIS FOR EARTH SCIENCES
OBJECTIVE:
The objective of the course is to impart knowledge about the various geological
structures and Geomorphic Landforms. The students will be exposed to various
Remote Sensing Applications to earth Sciences.
UNIT I: LITHOLOGY AND STRUCTURE
Introduction – Rocks And Minerals, Image Characters Of Igneous, Sedimentary And
Metamorphic Rocks - Lithological Mapping Using Aerial And Satellite Data- Structural
Geology, Introduction, Mapping Structural Feature Such As Folds, Lineaments / Faults,
Fractures Image Characters Of Folds, Faults, Lineaments Etc., - Digital Techniques For
Lithological And Structural Analysis – Case Studies.
UNIT II: SPECTRAL OF ROCKS AND MINERALS
Spectral properties of geologic features in different regions of Electromagnetic
Spectrum, Elemental composition and nature of the spectra of rocks and minerals,
Optimal spectral windows – Geologic Remote sensing and its significance in Geologic
mapping - case studies.
UNIT - III GEOMORPHOLOGY
Geomorphic Landforms, Drainage network and patterns classification and implications of
drainage patterns, geomorphic mapping using aerial and satellite data - Landform
analysis in natural resources and management case studies.
UNIT IV SUBSURFACE EXPLORATIONS
Different types of Geophysical Surveys - Electrical resistively surveys - aeromagnetic
surveys - Electromagnetic surveys - Seismic surveys - Planning Geophysical surveys
using satellite data - Applications of different types of geophysical surveys in resource
mapping - case studies.
UNIT V REMOTE SENSING AND GIS APPLICATIONS
Introduction - Applications of Remote Sensing and GIS for Resource mapping,
monitoring and management - Preparation of thematic layers - Integration of all relevant
primary and secondary data using GIS in Surface and groundwater studies -
Engineering Geology, Mineral exploration and Petroleum exploration - Disaster
Management studies like Droughts, Floods-Case studies.
REFERENCES:
1. Frederic k. lutgens, kennth G.pinzke and Edward j. tarbuck Applications and
Investigation in Earth science 2008.
2. Glencoe science, Physical science with earth science, 2005.
3. Sebins, F.Remote Sensing principles and interpretation’ W.H.Freeman and
company Newyork 1987.
4. Parbin Singh ‘Engineering and General Geology’ Ketson Publication House 1987
5. Drury, S.A. image interpretation in Geology, Chapman and Hall London 1993
6. Michael N.Demers Fundamentals of GIS, John Wiley & sons, inc 1999.
7. C.P.L.O and Albert KW Yeung Prentice- Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2002
8. Remote sensing in Geology—A. K.Gupta
9. Remote Sensing in Geomorphology by SM Rama Samy,New India Publishers
Pre PhD Course Paper II
REMOTE SENSING AND GIS FOR AGRICULTURE & FORESTRY
OBJECTIVE:
The content of this course enable the students to understand the application
potentialities of remote sensing data separately and in combination with GIS
techniques for Agriculture and Forestry.
UNIT I: CROPS ACREAGE AND YIELD ESTIMATION
Introduction – Spectral properties of crops in optical & TIR region, Microwave
backscattering behavior of crop canopy – crops identification and crop inventory – crop
acreage estimation – vegetation indices – Yield modeling – crop production forecasting
through digital analysis – crop condition assessment – command area monitoring – land
use and land cover analysis – Microwave RS for crop inventory – Case studies
UNIT II: SOIL MAPPING AND CONSERVATION
Introduction – soil genesis, Soil morphological characters, Soil pedology – Soil survey,
Types and methods of soil surveys – Soil classifications – Hydrological Soil grouping –
Characteristics of saline & alkaline Soils – Factors influencing soil reflectance properties
– principle component analysis and orthogonal rotation transformation-Soils mapping
using RS data - Problem soil identification and mapping – land evaluation – Soil
sedimentation & erosion – Soil loss assessment – Soil conservation – Case studies.
UNIT III: DAMAGE ASSESSMENT
Detection of pest & diseases – Flood mapping and Assessments of crop loss – Remote
sensing capabilities & contribution for drought management – Land degradation due to
water logging & Salinity – crop stresses reflectance properties of stressed plants and
stress detection.
UNIT IV FORESTRY
Introduction – Forest taxonomy – inventory of forestlands – forest types and density
mapping using RS techniques – Forest stock mapping – factors for degradation of forest
– Delineation of degraded forest - Forest change detection and monitoring – Forest fire
mapping & damage assessment – LiDAR remote sensing for Forest studies.
UNIT V INTEGRATED SURVEYS
Introduction – Integrated surveys for agriculture & forest development – RS & GIS for
drawing out action plans – water shed approach – Rule of RS & GIS for watershed
management – Land use planning for sustainable development – Precision forming -
Case studies.
REFERENCES:
1. John G. Lyon, Jack MCcarthy, Wetland & Environmental application of GIS,1995.
2. Margareb Kalacska, G. Arturosanchez, Hyper spectral RS of tropical and sub
tropical forest, 2005.
3. Shunlin liang , Advances in land RS: System, modeling invention and
applications, 2001.
4. Joe Boris dexon, Soil mineralogy with environmental application, Library of
congress catalog, 2004.
5. James B, Introduction of Remote sensing, Third edition Campbell, third edition
Guilford Press, 2002.
6. NRSC : Applications of Remote sensing
Pre PhD Course Paper II
REMOTE SENSING AND GIS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
OBJECTIVE:
To understand the various remote sensing and GIS technological applications in
the field of Environmental Engineering.
UNIT I: REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS TO ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
Introduction ,Environmental satellites GEOS, NOAA, AVHRR, CZCR Monitoring land,
water, atmosphere and ocean using Remote Sensing Data, case studies.
UNIT II: SOIL DEGRADATION STUDY
Taxonomical classification of soils, soil survey interpretation and mapping, impact of
agricultural and industrial activity on soil properties. soil salinity/alkalinity, erosion
studies, Applications of GIS in assessing soil salinity, erosion productivity etc.
UNIT III: WATER QUALITY AND GROUND WATER POLLUTION
Classification of water quality for various purposes. Data base creation and quality
modeling using GIS. Database Creation and maintaining water supply network,
sewerage network using GIS. Case studies. Aquifer Vulnerability Intrinsic and specific
vulnerability, DRASTIC, SINTACS MODELS MODFLOW, MT3D, contaminant
transport model. Case studies using AHP techniques.
UNIT IV: AIR QUALITY MODELLING
Atmosphere: Chemicals, Particulate matters present in the atmosphere, allowable limits,
Remote Sensing technique to monitor atmosphere constituents, air pollution due to
industrial activity, modeling using GIS. Case Studies.
UNIT V: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Revenue management-environment and ecological concerns- Resource development in
remote areas-Impacts of anthropogenic activity- Solid Waste management- Carbon
footprints and sinks, carbon trading, carbon credits and marketing, Indian and
international status
REFERENCES:
1. Ian L.Pepper, charles P.Gerbaand Mark L.Brusseau, Environmental and
pollution science 2006.
2. Savigny.D De and Wijeyaratne .P GIS for Health and Environment, Stylus
publication, 1994.
3. Reger D.Griffin, Air Quality Assessment andMmanagement (second edition),
2006.
4. Donald L.Wise, Remediation for Hazardous waste contaminated soils 1994.
5. Integrated Solid Waste Management Techobanoglous George, Hilary Theisen,
Samuel Vigi,Mc Graw – Hill Inc, Singapore. 1993.
6. Michele Campagna, GIS for sustainable development, 2005.
Pre PhD Course Paper II
REMOTE SENSING AND GIS FOR OCEAN ENGINEERING AND COASTAL
ZONE MANAGEMENT
OBJECTIVE:
This Course deals with the fundamental of physical, chemical and Biological
oceanography and the various RS applications to coastal zone management.
UNIT I: OCEAN ENGINEERING
Coastal processes – Oceanic circulation – Upwelling and sinking - current Measurement
– Waves – surface waves - Water motion in waves – reflection, diffraction and
refraction – wave generated currents – catastrophic waves – Tides – Tidal forces –
sediment drift – salinity intrusion.
UNIT II: OCEAN GENERAL STUDIES
Study of physical properties of sea water and parameters – chemistry of sea water –
Biological parameters – Oceanographic instruments – collection of water samples –
current measuring devices – deep sea coring devices – dredges.
UNIT III: COASTAL ENGINEERING
Coastal Hydrodynamic – Coastal erosion and protection – different Coastal protection
works – design of Breakwaters – Estuaries and their impact on coastal process –
Hydrodynamics of pollution dispersion.
UNIT IV: REMOTE SENSING APPLICATION
Use of Microwave data – CZCS studies – chlorophyll production idex – various sensors
used for coastal application – physical oceanographic parameter estimation – sea
surface temperature – significant wave height – wind speed and direction – coastal
Bathymetry – sea level rise.
UNIT V COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT
Introduction – Major issues/problem – Thematic maps on coastal resources, - wetland
classification – creation of CZIS – Coastal Regulation zone – Coastal aquifer modelling
using GIS – Integrated coastal Management using GIS.
REFERENCES:
1. Johnb.Herbich, Handbook of Costal Engineering, McGraw-Hill Professional; 1
edition 2000.
2. D. J. Tritton , Physical Fluid Dynamics,Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA;
edition 1988.
3. Robert G. Dean, Robert A. Dalrymple , Water Wave Mechanics for Engineers &
Scientists, Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company 1990.
4. J. William Kamphuis , Introduction To Coastal Engineering And Management ,
World Scientific Publishing Company, 2000.
5. Biliana Cicin-Sain Gunnar Kullenberg, Integrated Coastal and Oce
Pre PhD Course Paper II
REMOTE SENSING AND GIS FOR URBAN PLANNING AND
MANAGEMENT
OBJECTIVE:
• This course describes the various mapping techniques used for urban mapping
including transportation planning.
UNIT I: INTRODUCTION
Remote sensing for detection of urban features – Scale and resolution – Scope and
limitations – Interpretation from Aerial and satellite images – Digital image processing
techniques – Image fusion – Case studies.
UNIT II: SETTLEMENT MAPPING
Classification and settlement – settlement structure – Segmentation of Built-up areas –
Classification algorithms – Land use/ Land cover mapping – change detection – high
resolution remote sensing – case studies.
UNIT III : ANALYSIS AND PLANNING
Urban morphology – Housing topology – Population estimation from remote sensing –
Infrastructure demand analysis – Urban renewal Land suitability analysis – Plan
formulation – Regional, Master and detailed development – Use of remote sensing and
GIS in plan preparation – Urban information system – Web GIS – case studies.
UNIT IV: TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
Mapping transportation network – Classification – Optimum route/ shortest route –
Alignment planning – Traffic and parking studies – Accident analysis – case studies.
UNIT V: CURRENT TRENDS
Urban growth modeling – Expert systems in planning – 3D city models – ALTM – Land
use Transportation interaction models – Intelligent transportation systems – case studies
REFERENCES:
1. Juliana Maantay, John Ziegler, John Pickles, GIS for the Urban Environment,
Esri Press 2006.
2. Allan Brimicombe, GIS Environmental Modeling and Engineering, CRC; 1 edition
2003.
3. Paul Longley, Michael Batty, Spatial Analysis: Modeling in a GIS Environment
Wiley,1997.
4. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert , Bradley O. Parks, Carol Johnston,
David Maidment, Michael Crane , Sandi Glendinning, GIS and Environmental
Modeling: Progress and Research Issues (Hardcover) by,Publisher: Wiley; 1
edition, 1996.
5. Roland Fletcher, The Limits of Settlement Growth: A Theoretical Outline (New
Studies in Archaeology) (First edition), Cambridge University Press; 2007.
6. Advanced Surveying by Satheesh Gopi, R. Satyakumar and N. Madhu, Pearson publishers
Pre PhD Course Paper II
REMOTE SENSING AND GIS FOR DISASTER MITIGATION MANAGEMENT
OBJECTIVE:
To teach about the various principles involved and also the various mitigation to
Be adopted during the disasters.
UNIT I: DISASTER PRINCIPLES
Basic concepts and principles – Hydrological and geological disasters, characteristics
crisis and consequences – Role of government administration, University research
organization and NGOs-International disaster assistance – Sharing technology and
technical expertise.
UNIT II: LONG TERM MITIGATION MEASURES
Needs and approach towards prevention – principles and components of mitigation
Disaster legislation and policy – Insurance – Cost effective analysis – Utilisation of
resource – Training – Education – Public awareness –Role of media.
UNIT III: SAFETY RATING OF STRUCTURES
Slope stability of Ghat roads – Structural safety of Dams,Bridges,Hospital, Industrial
structures – Low cost housing for disaster prone areas – Cyclone shelter projects and
their implications – Reconstruction after disasters: Issues of practices.
UNIT IV : SPACE SCIENCE INPUT IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Remote sensing in Hazard evaluation – Zonation – Risk assessment –Damage
assessment – Land use planning and regulation for sustainable development –
Communication satellite application – network – Use of Internet _ Warning system –Post
disaster review –Case studies.
UNIT V: EMERGENCY PLANNING USING SPATIAL AND NON-SPATIAL DATA
Information system management – Spatial and non-spatial data bank creation-
Operational emergency management – Vulnerability analysis of infrastructure and
settlements –Pre-disaster and post disaster planning for relief operations – Potential of
GIS application in development planning – Disaster management plan – Case studies,
REFERENCES:
1. Sisi zlatanova & Andrea Fabbri jonathanli, Geometrics solutions for Disaster
management, Springer Verlag, 2007.
2. C.Emdad Haque, Mitigation of natural Hazards & disasters, Klwuer Acadamic
publishers group, 2005.
3. Linda C. Bottersll & ponald A.wilhite, From Disaster response to Risk
management. Klwuer Acadamic publishers group, 2005.
4. Gerard Blokdijk, Disaster recovery planning and services, Gennaio publishers,
2008.
5. Mohamed Gad Large scale disasters:prediction, control and mitigation,
Cambridge university press, 2008.
Pre PhD Course Paper II
FLOOD MODELLING AND DROUGHT ASSESSMENT
OBJECTIVE:
This subject aims at making the students to understand the hydrologic extremes of floods and
droughts, estimation of severity and extent of damages and the mitigation measures to combat
them.
UNIT I: FLOOD ESTMATION
Hydrologic extremes – Flood – Types of Flood – Effects of Flood – Design Flood - SPF/MPF -
Estimation of design flood – Physical Indicators - Envelope curves - Empirical methods – Rational method - Statistical methods – Frequency analysis – Unit hydrograph method.
UNIT II: FLOOD MODELLING AND MANAGEMENT
Hydrologic and Hydraulic Routing – Reservoir and Channel Routing - Flood Inundation Modelling –
HEC HMS and HEC RAS software - Flood control methods – Structural and non structural measures -
Flood Plain Zoning – Flood forecasting – Flood Mitigation - Remote Sensing and GIS for Flood
modelling and management.
UNIT III: DROUGHT AND IMPACTS
Definition – Definitions based on rainfall, stream flow, vegetation and comprehensive aspects -
Characterisation of Drought/water shortage/aridity/desertification - Types of Drought – NCA
classification – Impacts of Drought – Environmental, Social and Economical aspects
UNIT IV: DROUGHT ASSESSMENT
Drought Severity Assessment – Meteorological Hydrological and Agricultural methods – Drought Indices – GIS based Drought Information system – Drought Vulnerability Assessment and Mapping Using GIS.
UNIT V: DROUGHT MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT
DPAP Programme - Drought Monitoring – Application of Remote sensing – Drought Mitigation
Proactive and Reactive Approach – Supply and Demand Oriented Measures – Long term and Short term Measures – Water Scarcity Management in Urban, Industrial and Agricultural sectors
REFERENCES:
1. Chow V.T., Maidment D.R., Mays L.W., "Applied Hydrology", McGraw Hill Publications, New
York, 1995.
2. Vijay P.Singh., "Elementary Hydrology", Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 1994.
3. Yevjevich V., Drought Research Needs, Water Resources Publications, Colorado State
University, USA, 1977.
4. Rangapathy V., Karmegam M., and Sakthivadivel R., Monograph in Flood Routing Methods as Applied to Indian Rivers, Anna University Publications
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